Mill Guide
Mill Guide is a guide with a milling end at the bottom. It is used for catching the fish with badly damaged fish top. It helps in trimming the burr off the top of fish so that it can enter the overshot.
Jar
Jar is used in the string for generating heavy blows and thus helping in releasing stuck pipes. Jars can be classified as Fishing Jar or Drilling Jar. They can also be classified based on operating mechanism as Mechanical or Hydraulic Jars. The mechanism inside jar allows to build up high energy level in the string by way of stretch or slack off weight and makes it release suddenly to create heavy blow.
Intensifier
Intensifier, Accelerator or Booster are different names of the tool that is used in conjunction with jar to intensify or accelerate the jarring action. A good compressible fluid and an effective sealing assembly makes the intensifying action possible. It acts like a hydraulic spring that stores energy when put under strain and releases it as the strain is removed. It becomes a very useful tool in shallow intervals where the drill string length is not much.
Impression Block
Impression Block is a tool designed to determine configuration of top of fish. It has lead insert at the bottom of a steel housing. Impression block is run on the lower end of the fishing string. Once reaching to top of fish, weight is set straight down to get an impression of the top of fish on soft lead insert. Studying the impression can provide vital clues about the condition of the fish and help in devising appropriate fishing strategy.
Guide
Guide is the lower part of Overshot assembly that directs the top of the fish from the wall to the centre of the tool. Guide is run below the overshot assembly. With string rotation, it scoops the fish to the centre of the hole and helps the grapple in overshot swallow the top to engage and retrieve it.
Grapple Control
Grapple control is a ring with a control finger sticking upward. Once the grapple is installed in the bowl, grapple control is installed below it to keep the grapple securely in its place.
Fishing Jar
Fishing Jars are the jars that are used in fishing assemble. Fishing Jars are designed to provide upward blows only and converts energy stored in the stretched drill pipe into impact force. Impact force can be varied by varying the pipe stretch.
Die Collar
Die Collar is an external catching fishing tool. It has a taper hardened teeth inside. Die Collar can have a plain end or lipped guide at bottom. It is run on the fishing string to the top of fish. After tagging the fish, the string is picked up couple of feet and is rotated slowly while lowering the string for Die Collar to swallow the fish and cut engaging threads on the body of the fish.
Bumper Sub
Bumper sub is a tool used in the fishing assembly for applying downward blows. It is made up of high strength alloy steel to be able to withstand severe stresses. Some of the typical applications of Bumper sub are in fishing operations for releasing a stuck pipe or fish. It is also used with spear for fish recovery operations.
Booster
Intensifier, Accelerator or Booster are different names of the tool that is used in conjunction with jar to intensify or accelerate the jarring action. A good compressible fluid and an effective sealing assembly makes the intensifying action possible. It acts like a hydraulic spring that stores energy when put under strain and releases it as the strain is removed. It becomes a very useful tool in shallow intervals where the drill string length is not much.
Basket Grapple
Basket Grapple is an expandable cylindrical shape insert used inside and overshot bowl for catching and pulling a fish left in a well. It has wickers on inside to catch the fish and tapered helical spiral on the outside that matches with the internal profile on the bowl.
The overshot assembly installed with a basket grapple inside its bowl is lowered to the top of fish. The fish is engaged by swallowing and slacking off. Once engaged, the fish is pulled out of the hole.
Accelerator
Intensifier, Accelerator or Booster are different names of the tool that is used in conjunction with jar to intensify or accelerate the jarring action. A good compressible fluid and an effective sealing assembly makes the intensifying action possible. It acts like a hydraulic spring that stores energy when put under strain and releases it as the strain is removed. It becomes a very useful tool in shallow intervals where the drill string length is not much.
Smart Well
A Smart Well completion is a system of collecting, transmitting and analyzing completion, production and reservoir data. It also allows selective zonal control to optimize the well production.
Packer
Packers have rubber or metal elements which provide mechanical barrier in the well. Depending on well design, testing or production requirement, a packer can be used to isolate a reservoir, open hole, a high pressure zone, casing leak, liner lap leak or to anchor tubing etc. Packers are classified based on temperature rating, differential pressure rating, setting and retrieving mechanisms, packing element, gripping mechanism, fluid environment etc. Various types and designs of packers are available with different companies and the selection is done based on specific conditions and requirements.
Flaring
Flaring is an important safety process in refineries, petrochemical facilities, upstream drilling and production facilities. Flaring is used for safely burning excess hydrocarbon gases which cannot be recovered. Flaring process avoids releasing hydrocarbon gases in to atmosphere. However the process generates smoke. In environmentally sensitive area or offshore rigs the smoke and possibility of liquid unburnt oil fall out could result in air and water pollution. High efficiency burners are used to minimize possibilities of environmental impact of flaring.
Formation Damage
During drilling a well, drilling fluid solids tend to invade the near wellbore region causing the change in the permeability of the near wellbore zone. This relative change in permeability is referred to as formation damage or skin damage. Formation damage affects the productivity of the well.
Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
Distributed Temperature Sensing is a technique of measuring temperature along the wellbore using Fiber Optics Technology. A laser beam is shot down the fiber optic cable. The reflection of the beam is affected by newly excited atoms. Analysis of frequency shift of the reflection and the time of return signal provides information about the instantaneous temperature along with fiber optic cable.
Crushed Zone
Once a well is landed across the zone of interest and the production casing / liner has been run, the well is perforated using guns loaded with shaped charges. The the firing of guns create perforation tunnels through the pipe and formation. The impact of shaped charges create a zone of reduced permeability around perforation tunnels, which is called the crushed zone. Crushed zone tends to reduce the flow of formation fluid into the well through peroration tunnels.
Control Line Protector
Control line protectors are special clamps that are wrapped around the control line and tubing to keep control line in place.